A thesis submitted in patial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Development Planning Management and Innovation

Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2026

Despite the formal adoption of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), the Kalimas River in Surabaya continues to face persistent environmental degradation and recurring public health burdens. Therefore, this study examines why these problems persist by analyzing water resource governance, environmental and public health conditions, policy gaps, and proposing a One Health framework for integrated river governance. Using a mixed-method approach combining thematic analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and system analysis using Causal Loop Diagrams, the study finds that governance is structurally constrained by authority fragmentation, informal coordination, and a planning logic that treats the river as hydraulic infrastructure rather than a socio-ecological system. Water quality monitoring data (2015{u2013} 2024) confirm persistent organic and microbial pollution, with moderate correlation with diarrheal incidence and indirect linkages to dengue through drainage and vector-breeding conditions. Policy gap analysis reveals that the core problem is not regulatory absence but architectural mismatch: sectoral mandates operate without cross-cutting integration mechanisms, leaving critical environment{u2013}health nexus issues, particularly livestock waste governance and drinking water protection, institutionally unowned. A One Health framework is proposed to address these structural deficits through integrated monitoring, mandated inter agency coordination, and equity-embedded environmental protection.