A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, School of Environment Resource and Development

Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2001

The area under study is predominantly inhabited by a traditional society guided and patriarchal ideology; there is a prevalence of inequality in gender roles intra-household and their responsibilities in the household activities. The result is undervaluation and underrepresentation of women's work in household. This study therefore aimed to identify the various work done by women and men in time description for care giving and household activities, and the problems facing of women on care giving, their feeling, opportunities lose, experience, quality of care, supporting from the state and family and give recommend for the policy of government and NGOs sectors concern with regard to gender specific implementing to reflect women's actual contribution to care giving and household activities. The research studies the participation of women and men in care giving and household activities. It concentrated on the gender roles and responsibilities in care giving and household activities by using time use description on women and men contribution to the care giving and household activities as well as income earning. The survey revealed that there is gender divisions of labor in care giving and household activities. Some works are sole responsibilities of men and some works are exclusively done by women. Time use description showed that woman's work is for longer hours, tedious, full of drudgery and fragmented than men's work. Men's work is concentrated and is for shorter period. Women's total work in caring for and household activities was significantly higher than men's work. There has been gender bias in development policy and its implementation because they did not pay attention to women earing's role, needs, support. Training centers and schools for dependent people were always unmeet needs for them. So that, there are still many dependent people staying at house and caring by their relative, women particularly. Therefore, care giving task and women contribution are unrecognizing from the state and society as whole. The study concludes the further recommendations for conceptualization of women's workload, gender stereotype, social norm, opportunities lose, feeling, quality of care, and suggest formulation of gender responsive planning and policies.