A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for thedegree of Master of ScienceinFood Engineeringand Bioprocess Technology, School of Environment, Resources and Development

Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2016

Plant sourceshave been extensively investigated for bioactive compounds for their potential applications in food, feed, pharmaceutics, biotechnology and medical applications. Dammar, a plantresin, is the secondary metabolite secreted by many species of family Dipterocarpacae. Though having highpotential bioactive properties and high value, dammar has still been underutilized and fewer investigations have been conducted. Ultrasoundassisted extractionwas applied for the extraction of bioactive constituents from dammar inwhich ethanolwas used as solvent.The effect of three independent variables; ethanol concentration, volume of solvent used and extraction time on the extraction yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity as scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ferricreducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and reducing powerwas examined by response surface methodology (RSM) together with Box-Behnkendesign. The optimized conditionsfor bioactive extraction as predicted by RSM were99.8% ethanol(v/v), 30 ml volume of solvent per gof raw materialsand 40 minof extractiontime. The extraction yield at theseconditionswas 46.40%. Similarly, the optimal ultrasonic-assisted conditionsfor extraction of phenolic, antioxidantand reducing compounds wereestablished as ethanolconcentration of 60%(v/v), 10 ml volume of solvent per g of raw materials and extraction time of60 min. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity as %DPPH, antioxidant activity as FRAP and reducing power were17.18 mg gallic acid equivalent/ g, 83.97 %, 877.874 omol/g and 23.01ascorbic acid equivalent/ grespectively.Statistically, only concentration of ethanol indicated significant effect on the bioactive properties of extract.In addition, the extractsfrom lowerconcentration of ethanol also exhibited antibacterial property against gram positive bacteria(Streptococcus agalactiaeand Staphylococcus aureus). Furthermore, dammar have been explored to develop the composite film with gelatin. Thethickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break and color propertiesof different films with varying proportion of dammar and gelatin were evaluated. The composite films demonstrated satisfactory physicochemical properties having probableapplication in the field of food and pharmaceutical industries.