AI SearchIntegration of sanitation and hygiene in the secondary school curriculum in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan : (Record no. 61752)
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| fixed length control field | 04087nas a2200373 a 4500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20260818143613.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 260619s20269999th u ms t 000 eng d |
| 035 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBER | |
| System control number | .b12509644 |
| 099 #9 - LOCAL FREE-TEXT CALL NUMBER (OCLC) | |
| Classification number | AIT Thesis no.DP-26-01 |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Khan, Mehreen |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Integration of sanitation and hygiene in the secondary school curriculum in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan : |
| Remainder of title | comparative lessons from Singapore |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. | Pathum Thani : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. | Asian Institute of Technology, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2026 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 194 leaves : |
| Other physical details | ill.+ |
| Accompanying material | 1 online resource |
| 490 1# - SERIES STATEMENT | |
| Series statement | Thesis ; |
| Volume/sequential designation | no. DP-26-01 |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | A thesis submitted in patial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Development Planning Management and Innovation |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE | |
| Dissertation note | Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2026 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Sanitation and hygiene remain weakly integrated into secondary school education across many developing contexts, limiting their potential to improve student health and learning outcomes. Despite growing global attention, existing literature remains conceptually and empirically limited, framing sanitation and hygiene primarily as infrastructure or public health issues rather than as curriculum and pedagogical concerns, with insufficient attention to how these components are systematically embedded within formal secondary school curricula in developing countries like Pakistan. This study examined how sanitation and hygiene education is incorporated into the secondary school curriculum in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, drawing comparative insights from Singapore as a benchmark system. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining a structured teacher survey (n = 92), Key Informant Interviews (n = 10), curriculum and policy document analysis, and school observation. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares (OLS) via SPSS and Power BI, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings show that sanitation and hygiene are present in policy and textbooks to some extent but are not systematically integrated into teaching practice. Teacher preparedness emerged as the strongest predictor of sanitation and hygiene education outcomes (B = 0.375, p < .001), yet 71.7% of teachers received no related training in the past twelve months. The average student-to-toilet ratio was 84:1, exceeding the WHO/UNICEF recommended maximum by more than three times, and only 13.33% of schools had girl-friendly facilities, disproportionately affecting adolescent girls. In contrast, Singapore demonstrates a coherent system in which hygiene is embedded across subjects through a mandatory curriculum framework, reinforced through continuous professional teacher development and strong institutional accountability. The study concludes that improving sanitation and hygiene outcomes in schools requires alignment between curriculum design, teacher training, and infrastructure provision. Strengthening teacher capacity and embedding hygiene systematically across the curriculum are critical for achieving sustained behavior change and supporting Pakistan's progress toward SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name entry element | School hygiene |
| Geographic subdivision | Pakistan |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name entry element | Health education |
| Geographic subdivision | Pakistan |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name entry element | Sanitation |
| General subdivision | Study and teaching |
| Geographic subdivision | Pakistan |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Ahmad, Mokbul M., |
| Relator term | Chairperson |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Pramanik, Malay, |
| Relator term | Examination Committee |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Tsusaka, Takuji W., |
| Relator term | Examination Committee |
| 710 2# - ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME | |
| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element | PMU-KPCIP, |
| Relator term | Scholarship Donor |
| 810 2# - SERIES ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME | |
| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element | Asian Institute of Technology. |
| Title of a work | Thesis ; |
| Volume/sequential designation | no. DP-26-01 |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Materials specified | Full-Text |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B24513">http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B24513</a> |
| 907 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT G, LDG (RLIN) | |
| a | .b12509644 |
| b | mnarc |
| c | a |
| 902 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT B, LDB (RLIN) | |
| a | 260624 |
| 998 ## - LOCAL CONTROL INFORMATION (RLIN) | |
| Operator's initials, OID (RLIN) | 0 |
| Cataloger's initials, CIN (RLIN) | 260623 |
| First date, FD (RLIN) | m |
| -- | h |
| -- | a |
| -- | 0 |
| 945 ## - LOCAL PROCESSING INFORMATION (OCLC) | |
| l | mnarc |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Koha item type | 67-Electronic Resource |
| 909 ## - LOCAL ITEMS USED | |
| Barcode | Barcode : - |
| CREATED | CREATED : 2026-06-19 |
| RECORD Id | RECORD # : i1360742x |
| LPATRON | LPATRON : 0 |
| LCHKIN | LCHKIN : - |
| RENEWALS | # RENEWALS : 0 |
| -- | # OVERDUE : 0 |
| -- | IUSE3 : 0 |
| -- | TOT CHKOUT : 0 |
| -- | TOT RENEW : 0 |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Damaged status | Not for loan | Home library | Current library | Shelving location | Date acquired | Total checkouts | Full call number | Date last seen | Copy number | Price effective from | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Available for Loans | Asian Institute of Technology Library | Asian Institute of Technology Library | Archives | 18/08/2026 | AIT Thesis no.DP-26-01 | 18/08/2026 | 1 | 18/08/2026 | 67-Electronic Resource |