A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Environmental Engineering and Management

Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2012

Multiple impacts (effects) on Inle lake ecosystems (Myanmar) examined by recording their strength and interaction in the lake catchment area. Numerous impacts affect Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) over space and time thus resulting in cumulative impacts in environmental management. Cumulative nature of the impacts is a major issue. The present study proposes a conceptual framework for advancing Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA). The study used a participatory appraisal technique for quantifying impacts and impact interactions. A combination of assessment tools at spatiotemporal scale used to establish the CEA framework by steps as follows: (i) scoping of actual and potential drivers of change and VECs, (ii) participatory appraisal and expert consultations ,(iii) quantifying impact strengths and interactions, (iv) field surveys (wetland state, area characteristics, etc) and water quality assessment by in-situ analyses and Remote Sensing, (v) data analyses (Rapid Impact Assessment - for impact significance, Loop Analysis {u2013} for impact interactions) and, (vi) formulate strategies for cumulative effects (impacts) control. The tools selected for the developing CEA framework individually internationally verified in assessments of similar ecosystems. The systemic approach of the CEA framework tested on Inle lake catchment area proved to be a rapid, straightforward, reliable, and thorough assessment of the lake{u2019}s past, present and future state. The ecosystem components ranked based on relative importance and impacts (or stressors) quantified based on relative significance to indicate the status of the lake. Effects on lake water resources demonstrated serious deterioration of water quality indicating that lake ecosystem is critically losing its resilience to withstand ever-increasing impacts within the catchment area. Moreover, unsustainable waste disposal, floating garden agriculture, agricultural practices, sedimentation, deforestation, excessive exploitation (overfishing, etc), infrastructure development and invasion of exotic species act cumulatively. If the anthropogenic pressure continues to increase at the present pace then the system will be doomed in another decade or so. The study concludes that impact faced by Inle lake ecosystems are of cumulative nature and it requires comprehensive mitigation measures planned, executed and monitored both at local and strategic levels.