A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Energy

Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2011

In this study, the Bilan Carbone method was used to estimate the green house gas emission (GHG) from all related activities of Thai canned sardine factory, the options to mitigate the emission were provided and the specific energy consumption (SEC) between Spain canned tuna, Thai canned tuna industry and Thai canned sardine factory were compared. The GHG emission was estimated in term of ton carbon equivalent (t C equ) which can also convert to carbon dioxide equivalent. It was found that Thai canned sardine factory uses coal for producing steam about 5,770 tons per year and electricity consumption about 121 MWh per year whereas the water consumption is about 750 m3 per day. The productivity of the observed factory is approximately 17,381,998 cans per month from the input sardine of 4,220 tons per month. The emission sources of Thai canned sardine include packaging (26,696 t C equ), material input (26,678 t C equ), energy use for manufacture (4,742 t C equ), direct waste (1475 t C equ), transport of persons (184 t C equ), freight transport (132 t C equ), property (68 t C equ) and refrigerant leaks (2 t C equ). Therefore the total emission was estimated to be equal to 59,977 t C equ per year (0.3 kg Carbon equivalent per can (1can=300g) or 900 kg C eq per ton) which is equivalent to 3,300 kg CO2 eq per ton of canned sardine. The GHG emission can be reduced by using renewable energy such as solar thermal (evacuated tube collector), utilizing clean coal technology, and recovery heat. For human resource transportation to the factory, major pick up places should be set in order to reduce the total distance, reduce fuel uses, and also reduce GHG emission. The comparison of specific energy consumption (SEC) between Spain canned tuna, Thai canned tuna industry, and Thai canned sardine factory can be summarized as following. For Spain canned tuna, the total thermal energy consumption (SEC) is 3,502 MJ per ton and the total electricity consumption (SEC) is 255.5 kWh per ton whereas those of Thai canned sardine are 3,870.76 MJ per ton and 62 kWh per ton, respectively. For Thai canned tuna industry, the SEC of electricity is 86.64 kWh per ton and emit about 3.30k.t.CO2.eq. The SEC of heating is 1884.61 MJ per ton and emit about 6.69k.t.CO2.eq. From the above results, Thai canned sardine uses SEC of thermal more than Spain canned tuna and Thai canned tuna; however, the SEC of electricity is less. The factory can further reduce the thermal energy per product by applying the offered provided from this study