05474nas|a2200421 i 4500 20260818212730.0 121095s1992 th uu m rtt 00| a1eng d .b10572363 AIT SSPR no. HS-92-06 Do Kim Chung Rice production in Asia : a review of government policies Bangkok : Asian Institute of Technology, 1992 67 leaves Special studies project report ; no. HS-92-06 A Special Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Engineering and Technology Special Studies Project Report (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1992 Rice is the world's leading food crop and the major source of livelihood for the majority of rural people in Asia. Ninety percent of the world's rice is grown and consumed in Asia. During the last three decades, the progress achieved in the rice sector has been impressive. Asia's rice share of the world rice imports dropped, as national self-sufficiency ratios increased. In the course of this success, and as far as the future development of the rice production sector is concerned, this paper aims to discuss the following issues: (a) how exactly the rice sector in Asia had been developed during the last three decades; (b) what are the distinct policy measures adopted by the governments of Asian countries to promote the agricultural sector, in general, and the rice economy in particular; ( c) what are the impacts of these policies on the rice sector; and ( d) what are further policy options for sustaining the growth of rice production in Asia. After reviewing the trend of rice production in Asia, the paper provides in-depth discussion on policy developments and their impacts on the rice sector as well as agricultural development of eight selected Asian countries, namely, China, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The importance of rice and the not very different production conditions and problems in these countries have led to the policy objectives and the adoption of policy instruments in the rice sector which are in many ways similar. The most common types of government interventions in the rice sector are the procurement of rice output, establishment of quotas on export and direct taxation of such exports, and rice price controls including price floor, and price ceiling. Governments have also subsidized the cost of food for urban consumer and the cost of farm credit and important agricultural inputs. Other aspects of a macro-economic policy that China and Vietnam adopted, relate to a shift from a collectivized agricultural production system to a market oriented economy. These reforms have significantly contributed to the development of the rice sectors in these countries. Governments of many countries in Asia have also adopted an intensification policy that aims at adopting modern varieties, increasing fertilizer use and expansion of irrigation areas. Finally, the paper draws policy options for input and output pncmg, credit and technology to sustain the further growth of rice production. Pricing policies should aim at stabilizing producer and consumer prices. Any pricing policy must be based on cost of production, parity relative to the domestic prices of other commodities and the world market price of rice. The following technology policy options are traced: shifting the sole focus from raising the level of the use of fertilizer to improving the efficiency of the nutrient balance; cost-benefit improvement of the existing irrigation systems, in addition to the selective expansion through new irrigated areas; shifting from the dissemination of chemical pesticides to the utilization of integrated pest management techniques; upgrading extension services; and decentralization research regionally to the farm level. These may be the most effective approaches to promoting appropriate technologies that ensure profitability to farmers, maintain a reasonable price to consumers, and minimize farm drudgery. Rice Asia Weber, Karl E., Chairperson Asian Institute of Technology. Special studies project report ; no. 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