05078nam a2200397 4500 20260819085659.0 980210 1997 th r m eng .b11693605 AIT Thesis no.HS-97-19 Rajbhandari, Rama Urban environmental management at Kathmandu : a study to explore applications of regulatory and economic instruments in solid waste management Bangkok : Asian Institute of Technology, 1997 188 leaves Thesis ; no. HS-97-19 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. School of Environment, Resources and Development Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1997 The rapid urbanizing process, fueled by rural to urban migration and population growth, has given rise to a host of urban environmental problems. These include problems related to limited availability and access to basic environmental infrastructure and services, pollution from urban wastes and emissions, and loss or destruction of natural and cultural resources. The quality of the environment is thus a matter of growing concern. In this context, solid waste management has become a priority. This study reviews urban environmental management in Kathmandu and explores application of economic and regulatory instruments in solid waste management. The research for this study includes a survey conducted at two different places: the core and fringe areas of the studied city. Area observations, household and officials questionnaire survey, checklists and informal discussions with all related actors in domestic solid waste management have been the methods of collecting required information and data. The study reveals that solid waste management services are available only to a fraction of the urban areas of Kathmandu. This is largely confined to high income and easily accessible residential areas. Most of the urban fringe areas are not serviced. There are no arrangements for the proper collection, treatment and final disposal of solid and hazardous wastes with environmentally accepted standards. People's traditional habits, their behaviour and irresponsible waste workers have made waste management more complex. The Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Center (SWMRMC) and the Kathmandu Municipality have not been able to deal with the solid waste problems due to poor organizational structure, shortage of trained manpower, equipment and financial resources; lack of people's awareness and participation. Noncoordination between these two agencies and duplication of their functions and duties have caused more confusion to fulfill their responsibilities. Yet there have not been any specific effort on the part of the SWMRMC or the Municipality to manage domestic, industrial and hospital wastes. This study shows that application of regulatory and economic instruments is very limited for SWM in the city. Although The Solid Waste Act (1987) and Municipality Act (1992) deal with charges and penalties concerning SWM, they are not clearly defined and enforced yet. Those acts do not contain reference to standards, solid waste plans, subsidies and incentives - the common tools used in developed countries. The study recommends guidelines for the application of regulatory and economic instruments in domestic SWM to provide incentives to manage waste, to raise revenue and to ensure environmental restoration. It also recommends institutional and administrative measures, such as: policy and programs for improving organizational structure, to increase people's participation and supervision, and to improve overall SWM system in the city. It also identifies the requirements for industrial and hospital hazardous waste management. A combination of regulatory and economic instruments are to be applied for these two areas of wastes. Refuse and refuse disposal Nepal Kathmandu Urban ecology Nepal Kathmandu Amin, A.T.M. Nurul, Chairperson Lefebvre, B. G., Examination committee Morishita, H., Examination committee Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), Scholarship donor Asian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. HS-97-19 Full-Text http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B13866 .b11693605 mnait y 240403 0 980210 m a y 0 mnait mnarc 22 40 Barcode : 30050120710115 CREATED : 2014-03-19 RECORD # : i12773694 LPATRON : 0 LCHKIN : - # RENEWALS : 0 # OVERDUE : 0 IUSE3 : 0 TOT CHKOUT : 0 TOT RENEW : 0 Barcode : 30050160096748 CREATED : 2016-04-05 RECORD # : i12969795 LPATRON : 0 LCHKIN : - # RENEWALS : 0 # OVERDUE : 0 IUSE3 : 0 TOT CHKOUT : 0 TOT RENEW : 0 124941 124941 0 0 0 0 MAIN MAIN mnait 2026-08-19 50.00 0 AIT Thesis no.HS-97-19 30050120710115 2026-08-19 08:56:59 3 2026-08-19 22 0 0 0 0 MAIN MAIN mnarc 2026-08-19 0 AIT Thesis no.HS-97-19 30050160096748 2026-08-19 08:56:59 1 2026-08-19 40