03077nas a2200277 a 450000500170000000800410001703500150005810000270007324500910010026000670019130000590025849000270031750001860034450200570053052016680058765000610225565000340231665000430235070000460239370000450243970000440248471000830252871000630261181000590267485600660273320260817173217.0110303s2010    th uu|m rtt   0|  a1eng d  a.b120910541 aSalengua, Pablo Merina10aCommoditization of livelihoods and effects on Higaonon pangalawat and gender relations  aPathum Thani, Thailand :bAsian Institute of Technology,c2010  a1 online resource (96 p.) :bill. +e1 online resource1 aThesis ;vno. GD-10-09  aA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the  degree of Master of Science in Gender and Development Studies, School of Environment, Resources and Development  aThesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2010  aThis study explores meaning and practices of pangalawat, Higaonon food sharing system, in upland community of Agtulawon {u2013} Mintapod in Northern  Mindanao.  It describes how this  practice  is  primarily  affected  by  commoditization  of  livelihoods  with  corresponding effect on gender relationships.   Pangalawat  was  ordinarily  understood  as  asking  and  giving  food  help.  It  had  deeper meaning  in  Higaonon  animistic  spirituality  as  indigenous  social  structure  for  community strength and social cohesion.  Allegedly altruistic food help in dire need, it was indigenous mechanism  specifically  supporting  women{u2019}s  traditional  role  as  household  food  providers. Women and men equally contributed assistance from productive labors.  But, women were burden  with  additional  task  of  entertaining,  obtaining  and  disbursing  food  assistance  to beneficiaries, and most pangalawat decisions including asking food help in extreme need. The practice substantially reduces women{u2019}s and men{u2019}s income challenging gender specific livelihoods.  It  can  slice  production  input,  constrained  economic  initiatives,  and  curtailed welfare    investments    and    wealth    accumulation    plans. Furthermore,    unpredictable pangalawat  slowly  upsets  women{u2019}s  work  incentives,  interferes with  livelihood  priorities and  creates  occasional  relationship  tensions  in  household and community.    Viewed  in  the light  of  sustaining  gender  specific  livelihoods  and  women  empowerment,  modification  of this system or total abandonment appears to offer better opportunities for local Higaonons.  0aIndigenous peopleszPhilippinesxSocial life and customs 0aIndigenous womenzPhilippines 0aWomen and the environmentzPhilippines1 aResurreccion, Bernadette P.,eChairperson1 aDoneys, Philippe,eExamination Committee1 aSajor, Edsel E.,eExamination Committee2 aInternational Fellowship Program - Ford Foundation,eScholarship Donor        2 aAsian Scholarship Foundation, Thailand,eScholarship Donor2 aAsian Institute of Technology.tThesis ;vno. GD-10-09  3Full-Textuhttp://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B02916