03986nas a2200373 a 4500 20260818090123.0 260224s20259999th u ms t 000 eng d .b12479263 AIT ISPR CS no.25-01 Nyein Chan Win Naing Design and implementation of a LoRa mesh network with an optimized routing protocol Pathum Thani, Thailand : Asian Institute of Technology, 2025 108 leaves : ill.+ 1 online resource Internship Report ; no. CS-25-01 An Internship Study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science Internship Report (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2025 Low-Power Wide-Area Networks using standard LoRaWAN struggle with coverage gaps due to single-hop topology limitations. While mesh networking addresses this through multi-hop relay, existing LoRa mesh protocols face scalability barriers from broadcast-based routing and fixed-interval control overhead. Flooding protocols create exponential tra!c violating duty cycle constraints, while table-driven protocols waste airtime with unnecessary periodic control packets regardless of network stability. This research implements a gateway-aware cost routing protocol combining three mechanisms: (1) Trickle adaptive scheduling reducing HELLO overhead through exponential backo" and redundancy suppression, (2) multi-metric cost function integrating signal quality and gateway load for path selection, and (3) proactive fault detection with safety mechanisms preventing over-suppression while enabling rapid convergence.The research makes six novel contributions: (1) first complete Trickle adaptive scheduler integrated with LoRaMesher firmware achieving 85-90% suppression e!ciency, (2) discovery that Trickle operates as local per-node decisions rather than network-wide cascades, limiting fault impact regionally, (3) zero-overhead ETX tracking via sequence-gap detection eliminating ACKoverhead, (4) active gateway load sharing with real-time load encoding enabling dynamic traffic distribution, (5) safety HELLO mechanism preventing over-suppression while enabling rapid fault detection, and (6) proactive health monitoring reducing fault detection time versus library baseline.Hardware validation on ESP32-S3 nodes demonstrates approximately 30% HELLO overhead reduction, 96-100% packet delivery ratio in indoor scenarios, and successful dual-gateway load distribution. Multi-hop routing capability is validated with relay nodes forwarding traffic and cost-based routing selecting quality-aware paths unavailable in hop-count protocols. The adaptive overhead reduction and fault-tolerant design enable scalable LoRa mesh deploy ments for resource-constrained applications including agricultural monitoring, industrial IoT, and environmental sensing requiring duty cycle compliance and network resilience. The local fault isolation discovery and zero-overhead ETX tracking represent fundamental contributions to LPWAN mesh protocol research. Computer networks Computer Communication Networks Wireless communication systems Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn, Chairperson Adisorn Lertsinsrubtavee, Co-chairperson Chantri Polprasert, Examination committee Chaklam Silpasuwanchai, Examination committee Asian Institute of Technology. Internship Report ; no. CS-25-01 Full-Text http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/Viewer/viewer.php?id=B23606 .b12479263 mnarc a 260302 0 260226 m h a 0 mnarc 67 Barcode : - CREATED : 2026-02-24 RECORD # : i13576240 LPATRON : 0 LCHKIN : - # RENEWALS : 0 # OVERDUE : 0 IUSE3 : 0 TOT CHKOUT : 0 TOT RENEW : 0 26938 26938 0 0 0 0 MAIN MAIN mnarc 2026-08-18 0 AIT ISPR CS no.25-01 2026-08-18 09:01:23 1 2026-08-18 67