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    <subfield code="a">AIT Thesis no.WM-13-25</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Sirisena, T. A. Jeewanthi Gangani</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Forecasting of long-term seasonal rainfall using artificial neural network :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">an application to the Ping River Basin, Thailand</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2013 </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no. WM-13-25</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Rainfall   is   a   meteorological   phenomena  and   its variations   are   link ed with   climate  con ditions in different  region which change the local rainfall pattern. Th e understanding of  long  term  (Seasonal  or  annual , inter - annual)  rainfall  variations  is important  for many  sectors like agriculture, industry, health, irrigation, education so on in a region.  Ping basin  is  one  of major basin s of  upper  Chao  Phraya  in  Thailan d.  Thailand  is  under  influence  of  Monsoon  and  tropical  cyclone  throughout  the  year.  Present  study  developed  the  four  seasonal  rainfall  forecasting  models  for  Ping  river  basin  using  Artificial  Neural  Network  (ANN)  technique  which  is  a  data  driven  model  wide ly  used  in  non - linear  analysis and  forecast the future seasonal rainfall under climate change scenario . The  large  scale  atmospheric  variables  (LSAVs)  called  as  predictors  for  seasonal  rainfall  (i.e.  F eb - Mar - A pr ,  M ay - J un - J ul ,  A ug - S ep - O ct and  N ov - D ec - J an )  w ere  identified  using  correlation  maps.    Using  correlation  analysis  and  ANN  model ing ,  the  most  significant  variables  and  their  best combinations  were determined . It  was  found  best  ANN  model  for  each season to forecast the rainfall according to the performan ce indices. Quantile mapping  bias correction  applied for identified predictors (1971 - 2100) from tw o General Circulation  Models  (GC Ms);  C SIRO  Mk3.6  and  MPI - ESM - MR,  for RCP4.5  scenario.  Then  forecast  the seasonal rainfall till 2100 using developed models.  Th e extreme events; wet and dry for  next  30  year  period  (till  2040)  was  defined  according  to  thresholds  at  90 th and  10 th percentile of observed climatology (1971 - 2000). Sea  level  pressure,  surface  air  temperature,  zonal  wind,  meridian  wind,  relative  humidit y,  sea  surface  temperature  and  precipitable  wa ter  were  the  identified  predictors  for  different  lead  times  (4 - 15  months)  with  85 - 95%  confident  level.  The  forecast  lead  time  was  one  month for  MJJ a nd FMA seasonal rainfall whereas two month for A SO and NDJ se asonal  rainfall.  Accordingly, MJJ  and  NDJ  rainfall  over  Ping  basin  is  forecasted  to  decrease  by  0.5mm and 0.14mm per year respectively from 2011 to 2100. On the other hand ASO and  NDJ  rainfall  increases  by  0.45mm  and  0.03mm  annually during  the  same  period. The  Gaussian  distribution  results  shows  an  increase  of  extreme  wet  (above  90 th percentile)  by  20%  compared  to  observed  period  (10%)  during  monsoon  season  (ASO)  under  RCP4.5  scenario from MPI - ESM - MR model.  Similarly, approximately 31% and 1 4% probability o f  occurrences  was  forecasted  for extreme  dry  condition  during  NDJ  and  FMA  seasons  respectively under RCP4.5 from CSIRO Mk3.6 model.           Results  obtained  from  the  study  provide  understanding  of  significant  variables  on  rainfall  occurrence  and  fut ure  rainfall  variations  over  the  Ping  river  basin.  Effective  planning  and  management of resources and implementation strategy can be developed accordingly.   </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Mas ter of Engineering in Water Engineering &amp; Management</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M. Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2013</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Rain and rainfall</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Nkrintra Singhrattna,</subfield>
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