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  <controlfield tag="008">240108s2023    th u  m rtt   0|  a1eng d</controlfield>
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    <subfield code="a">AIT Diss no.WM-23-04  </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Chirayu Jaroenongard</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Analysis of salinity intrusion and alternative solutions for municipal water supply in Bangkok under climate change conditions   </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2023</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Dissertation ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no. WM-23-04</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Engineering in Water Engineering and Management, School of Engineering and Technology</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (Ph. D.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2023</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Climate change (CC) induced sea level rise (SLR) and changes in rainfall adversely influence  salinity intrusion in coastal areas and it{u2019}s important to quantify their impacts to formulate  possible solutions. This study assessed the impacts of CC on salinity intrusion in the Chao  Phraya River (CPY), from where the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) takes raw  water for the municipal supply and evaluates alternative solutions for maintaining the required  water quality for municipal water supply. Future projections of rainfall and sea level are carried  out using 20 climate models for three future periods (near: 2021-2050, mid: 2051-2080, far: 2081-2099). 3 land subsidence and 4 water demand scenarios are formulated. MIKE11 is used to simulate the future flows and salinity in CPY.  Annual rainfall is projected to increase by 6% (8%), 14% (18%), and 19% (25%) during near,  mid, and far future periods for RCP4.5 (RCP8.5), respectively. Relative SLR in UGoT will  increase 0.94mm/year (1.07mm/year) with no land subsidence to 1.05mm/year (1.18mm/year)  with land subsidence under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) in the 21st century. From the baseline period with  average of 35 events per year with salinity &gt;0.25g/L, by 2100, number of events could increase  to 170-190 per year with average duration of 16.5 hours per day. If the water demand increases  by 15%, duration of such event could be 22.3-22.8 hours/day by far future. Shifting the raw  water intake up to 80km upstream of the current location could be one of the solutions for  projected high salinity due to CC and increase in future water demand. The second alternative  is to divert the water from another freshwater source or to collect the water in a storage system  during low salinity. Analysis showed that a storage volume of 5.1Mm3 water of permissible  salinity would address the salinity problem for 95% of events in the near future. If future water  is assumed to be constant, a storage volume of 6.1Mm3 would be sufficient for the far future. The analysis revealed that future SLR due to CC in the UGoT will not be as severe as globally averaged projections. Although the projected increase in rainfall may have a conducive impact  on salinity in the future period, SLR and increase in water demands in the upstream catchment  will dominate the future salinity in CPY. A possible mitigation is a progressive shifting of the  intake upstream of the current location and planning for water storage to be used during high  river salinity. Although the study has comprehensively quantify impact of CC and water  demand change, the results are still associated with model-related uncertainties, hydrological  modeling, emission scenarios, etc. Nevertheless, the study would contribute to the CC knowledgebase for the CPY and be useful to MWA and other government entities for planning  strategies to combat the adverse impacts of climate change on municipal water supply in  Bangkok, Thailand.  </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Babel, Mukand S.,</subfield>
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