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  <controlfield tag="008">180731s2017    th uu m rtt   0|  a1eng d</controlfield>
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    <subfield code="a">AIT Thesis no.WM-17-04</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Yusufi, Maryam</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Groundwater vulnerability assessment to climate change :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">a case study of Herat City and Surrounding Districts, Afghanistan</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2017</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no. WM-17-04</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the   degree of Master of Engineering in  Water Engineering and Management</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Climate change is immensely affecting water resources. One of the vital resources of fresh  water is groundwater which plays a significant role in fulfilling water demands of arid/semi- arid environments. Afghanistan{u2019}s dry weather with annual rainfall of lesser than 300 mm  and  remarkably  high  evapotranspiration  rates  makes  it  significantly  dependent  on  groundwater resources. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the climate variability and  change in Herat City and surrounding districts which is located in lower Harirud basin in  Western Afghanistan, and assessed the vulnerability of groundwater  resources  under climate  changes. Three Regional Climate Models (RCMs), namely ACCESS, CNRM-CM5, and  MPI-ESM under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used for projection of future temperature and  rainfall of the basin. The linear scaling bias correction method was used to remove the bias  and downscale the RCMs data. The impact of climate change on groundwater recharge, and  surface runoff was quantified based on spatial and temporal variations using Soil and Water  Assessment Tool (SWAT). The percentage change of future spatial recharge and surface  runoff for each subbasin were derived. Furthermore, considering exposure, sensitivity, and  adaptive capacity components of the watershed, groundwater vulnerability maps to climate  change of Herat City &amp; surrounding districts were derived for future periods under different  RCMs projections. The experts{u2019} opinions were gathered through questionnaire for assigning  weights to indicators. A multi-criteria decision making technique named AHP was used to  derive  final  weights  of  indicators.  By  having  the  spatially  and  temporally  detailed  vulnerability maps, adaptation options are proposed for future management of groundwater  resources of Herat City &amp; surrounding districts.    The average annual temperature is projected to increase up to 2.5 {u00BA}C, and 5.4 {u00BA}C under RCP  4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively by 2100.  The rainfall projection varies with RCM. ACCESS  model result showed 2.4% and 6% decrease in rainfall by 2100 under RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5  respectively. Moreover, CNRM-CM5 model projected 10% decrease in rainfall by 2100  under RCP 4.5 but it showed 3% increase of rainfall under RCP 8.5 by 2100. The next RCM  which was MPI-ESM showed completely different results of 9% and 12% increase of rainfall  by 2100. Results of recharge and surface runoff changes indicate different changes under  each  RCM.  General  result  of  ACCESS  and  CNRM-CM5  showed  that  recharge  will  significantly  decrease  up  to  25%  and  45%  under  RCP  4.5  and  RCP  8.5  respectively.  Although surface runoff in 2050s indicated very high increase in most of subbasins, but  considering overall results of RCMs, the surface runoff is projected to decrease by 5% and  18 % by 2100 under RCP  4.5 and RCP  8.5. The vulnerability assessment  result shows  slightly  different  degrees  of  vulnerability  under  ACCESS  and  CNRM-CM5.  Overall,  subbasins B13, B16, B19, B21 (25% of basin area) located in South-Eastern and B2, B3, B5,  B6 (13% of basin area) located in Northern part of study area showed higher vulnerability  of groundwater to climate change. The derived vulnerability maps for different future periods  along with proposed adaptation measure could help decision makers to develop management  plans and make decisions. The future research on this topic could be evaluation of adaptation  measures. </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M. Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2017</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Nguyen, Duc Hoang,</subfield>
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