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  <controlfield tag="008">140618s2012    th ad  |||   |000 0 eng d</controlfield>
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    <subfield code="a">AIT Thesis no.WM-12-16</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Kanchanapun Anusart</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Analysis of water and energy conservation alternatives in Bangkok water supply system, Thailand</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2012</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no. WM-12-16</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the  degree of Master of Engineering in Water Engineering and Management</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M. Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2012</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Water  is  used  to  produce  energy  and  energy  is  also needed  to  produce  water  and  hence they are closely linked. Ever increasing demand of water and energy requires use to find ways  to  conserve  these  resources.  This  study  aims  to  evaluate  the  current  energy  us  in water supply system of Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) and analyzes several alternatives to conserve water and energy. A pilot area, DMA 15-03-02, has been selected for  the  purpose.  A  field  measurements  and  survey  (216  respondents)  was  conducted  to obtain  data  for  hydraulic  modeling  and  household  level  energy  use  respectively  in  the pilot area. Five alternatives considered in the study are: Alternative 1 (decreasing service pressure),  Alternative  2  (decreasing  base  demand), Alternative  3  (decreasing  service pressure  using  hydro  turbine  generator)  Alternative  4  (increasing  service  pressure)  and Alternative  5  (increasing  service  pressure  with  pressure  reducing  valve,  PRV).  The secondary data of water production and energy consumption of MWA has been collected. The energy use in each stage of MWA is as follow: raw water intake 0.0097 (4%), water treatment 0.0469 (20%),  water transmission 0.0961 (41%) and water  distribution 0.0811 (35%). The energy use in the pilot area is estimated to be 0.1765 kWh/m3 by MWA and 0.5  kWh/m3  by  customer,  respectively.  Decreasing  in  current  service  pressure  indicates that  water  can  be  conserved  while  increasing  the  supply  pressure  would  affect  reduce energy  use.  Using  hydro  turbine  can  reduce  pressure  and  also  generate  the  electricity which  can  be  used  for  another  purpose.  Moreover,  PRV  installation  can  help  reducing leakage  20-25%  in  case  of  high  pressure.  Further,  the  analysis  suggests  that  increasing pressure up to 18m with PRV can reduce total energy use by 32% (from 0.6765 to 0.4613 kWh/m3) as it will reduce the use of pumps by customer up to 95%.Further, the financial and economic cost-benefit analysis has been calculated in order to evaluate the alternative of water and energy  conservation. Decreasing in  service pressure is  profitable for utility but not for customer due to the pump installation in household. While, some of pressure increasing  alternative  gives  more  profit  for  economic  value  although  it  is  not  for  utility financial. This is because the capital cost of pump installation for customers is very high. Therefore,  when  people  are  not  using  pump,  the  benefit  is  much  more  than  the  cost  of water leakage from MWA. Further, the analysis shows that increasing pressure up to 18m with PRV can give the most benefit considering the economic NPV for whole system</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Royal Thai Government Fellowship, </subfield>
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