TY  - SER
AU  - Tran Van Dien
AU  - Honda,Kiyoshi
AU  - Kaew Nualchawee
AU  - Samarakoon,Lal
ED  - French Government, 
TI  - Impact of urbanization on marine water quality of Ha Long coastal area, Vietnam: a remote sensing and GIS approach
T2  - Thesis
PY  - 1999///
CY  - Bangkok
PB  - Asian Institute of Technology
KW  - Marine pollution
KW  - Vietnam
KW  - Ha Long
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of  Master of Engineering, School of Environment, Resources and Development; Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1999
N2  - Recently, since economy reform, urbanization in Ha Long coastal area was rapid  caused by increasing of population, recreation, tourism service and industrial development.  Urbanization causes many environmental problems, which affects marine water quality of Ha  Long Bay. Urban runoff is washing waste and pollutant and direct flow into bay through  sewer or drainage system. Also increase of population means increase of the domestic solid  waste and wastewater discharge into the bay system. This study uses remote sensing data and  GIS technique to analysis these problems. The study assessed the extension of urban area  using remote sensing data and has found that there was rapid increase of urban development  during 1992-1998. The increase of dense urban was mainly from sparse urban, tidal wetland  and mangrove forest. Large pollution loads in this area were estimated from pollution source  survey data and landuse/cover map with assistant of GIS technique. BOD loads from  domestic sources is the highest; the second is from livestock; while industrial sources and  non-point sources only contribute small amount of pollutant. BOD inflow into Bai Chay  Estuary, which is part of Ha Long Bay, was mainly from domestic sources, second from  livestock. BOD inflow into Ha Long Bay including mainly from domestic loads, second from  livestock and small amount from industrial sources. Total BOD inflow into Bai Chay Estuary  is 2.57 ton/day and 3.14 ton/day into Ha Long Bay. Mass balance of BOD was calculated  using box mixing method. Mass balance in Bai Chay Estuary is 2.41 ton/day and in Ha Long  Bay is 5.59 ton/day. The pollution loads into Ha Long Bay increased 0.68 ton/day in  comparison to in 1992 due to rapid population increase and tourism development. The  changes in landuse/cover by rapid urbanization contribute not much in increasing pollution  into the Bay. BOD distribution maps were interpolated from sampling point measurements.  High BOD distribution in the Bay was largely extended in rainy season and quite low in dry  season. High BOD distribution in 1998 was extended largely around urban area in rainy  season in compare with BOD distribution in rainy season of 1994. The impact of urban on  water quality of Ha Long Bay was strongly rainy season in 1998. As a whole, it was  concluded that, currently, the impacts of urbanization on water quality of Ha Long Bay only  occur in rainy season due to washing urban runoff and wastewater discharge from tourism  activities and population. The impact of urbanization on marine water quality of Ha Long  coastal area is increasing
UR  - http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B12370
ER  -