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    <subfield code="a">Tupaz, Kimberly Torrico</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Application of long short-term memory model in predicting hydrologic extremes under climate change and land use change scenarios in the Lancang-Mekong river basin</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Water Engineering and Management</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">With evidence such as warming of the climate system and intensified hydrologic events,  climate change continues to be an important subject in the scientific community. It is  said that food security and sustenance would be compromised by climate-related  extremes for regions with agriculture and fisheries as dominant industries, such as the  Lancang-Mekong River Basin. Recent news has shown the worsening drought and  flood conditions in the area with the lowest drop of water level in 2019, attributed to  both upstream dam politics and climate change. Hence, the assessment of how future  extreme hydrologic conditions change is vital.  Modern research on deep learning techniques for time series prediction has been made  and for this study, Long Short-Term Memory was selected to forecast future flows  under climate change SSP2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5 scenarios. Prior to future projections,  historical assessment of hydrologic extremes on selected stations was conducted using  Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) which demonstrated increasing trend of  minimum flows in the lower Mekong region, validated using Mann-Kendall trend test.  Bias correction using empirical quantile mapping was done on rainfall and average  temperature variables of the 3 GCMs (EC-Earth 3, EC-Earth 3 Veg, and Nor-ESM 2MM to account for biases between observed (i.e., APHRODITE) and simulated  values. Approximately, the largest average annual temperature increase is 0.23{u02DA}C/yr and 0.36{u02DA}C/yr under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively at Stung Treng station. The resulting median of the 3 GCMs were used as inputs to the LSTM model along  with observed flow and land use data. Predicted annual average flows exhibit increasing  and decreasing trends for the lower stations (i.e., Pakse and Stung Treng) and upper  station (i.e., Chiang Saen), respectively. Further analysis shows increasing minimum  flows but decreasing maximum flows.  </subfield>
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