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    <subfield code="a">Khan, Muhammad Ali</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A comparative analysis of livelihood status among different slum communities in Islamabad, Pakistan</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2025</subfield>
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    <subfield code="v">no. DS-25-05</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the  degree of Master of Science in Development and Sustainability</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">The newness of this comparative research was to examine: firstly, institutional and  governance failure leading to slums growth, secondly, how social networks, informal  economics and coping mechanisms influence livelihood security, briefly touches how  gender, age and ethnicity intersect to shape unique slums experiences for  marginalized group (women, children etc) and in addition past policy interventions  such as rehabilitation projects which yields slums expansions for the first time. The  general objective was to enquire about the unique motivational factors for each slum  dweller community, i.e., Muslim, Afghan and Christian slums and their livelihoods.  The primary data were collected randomly from 400 respondents of Islamabad slums  by using a questionnaire. A Pearson Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis test were  employed using SPSS-26 to compare the slums. The results indication shows that  economic scarcity, lack of social support, close to familiar people, war, force  evictions and political instability were significant factors which motivate the Afghanis  to resided in the slum settlements. Similarly, social relations and access to  fundamental services were the main driving forces for the Christian slum dwellers.  Furthermore, low cost of living, welfare programs{u2019} access, transport and affordable  housing were critical factors for the Muslim slum dwellers. The livelihood analysis  highlighted several commonalities between all the slum communities, such as poor  female workforce participation, lack of membership of self-help groups, insecure land  tenure, non-treatment of water, and non-use of mosquito nets. Afghan slum residents  had the least impressive living conditions, with bigger families, more illiteracy, more  insecurity, and worse housing and sanitation. Issues such as overcrowding, limited  employment options, and distant healthcare facilities affected the Muslim slum  dwellers at large. Furthermore, Christian slum dwellers are relatively more employed,  they lack private healthcare resources and face problems with waste disposal. The  research recommended that the united establish community schools and technical  centers for women empowerment and provide houses. Pakistan's government  launched a housing scheme, financial packages, took strict action against drug  suppliers and launched an awareness campaign. The Islamabad{u2019}s local government  should provide access to waste management authority and drainage infrastructure. </subfield>
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