<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<record
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd"
    xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">

  <leader>04249nas a2200373 a 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="005">20260817161317.0</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">250501s20249999th u  ms t    000   eng d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">.b12455131</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="099" ind1=" " ind2="9">
    <subfield code="a">AIT Thesis no.WM-24-20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Adnan, Muhammad</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">A comparative study of flood inundation mapping using hydrologic-hydrodynamic modelling and remote sensing-based datasets in the Kabul River Basin, Pakistan</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2024</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">106 leaves :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">ill.+</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">1 online resource</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Thesis; </subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no.WM-24-20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Water Engineering and Management </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="502" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2024</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">The transboundary Kabul River Basin (KRB) straddled the borders with Afghanistan  and Pakistan is profoundly vulnerable to pluvial and fluvial floods due to the changing  climate in the region. The 2010 and 2022 floods are major examples that caused huge  devastation downstream cities such as Charsadda, Peshawar and Nowshera. However,  flood inundation maps are not readily available for developing emergency action plans,  evacuation plans, response and flood damage assessment. Therefore, this study for the  first time applied a combination of conventional modelling and remote sensing to  develop flood inundation maps. The PCSWMM hydrological-hydrodynamic model  was calibrated for the 2010 flood and validated for the 2022 flood considering both  observed as well as MERRA-II re-analysis precipitation separately. Model performance  was evaluated using different indicators such as Integral Square Error (ISE), Nach Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Percentage Bias (PBIAS). The model performed well  during calibration (validation), for example, ISE, NSE, and PBIAS were 0.42 (0.54),  0.77 (0.84), and -0.56% (-2.607%) for observed precipitation while 0.32 (0.51), 0.86  (0.86), and -12.12 (-8.26) for re-analysis precipitation respectively. The model captured  the peak flows of the 2010 and 2022 floods. Flood analysis was run to get flood  inundation maps from observed and re-analysis precipitation for the 2022 extreme  rainfall event. Alternatively, this study also explores processing Synthetic Aperture  Radar (SAR C-band) remote sensing data using the Sentinel Application Platform  (SNAP) to map flood inundation of the same rainfall event. The flood inundation maps  from the model and SAR were compared with the referenced map by creating a  Confusion Matrix. Ten different indices like Mathews Correlation Coefficient, error  rate, specificity, false positive rate etc. were calculated where the model gives improved  performance for simulating flood inundation. SAR imagery was not available during  the flooding days and hence missed the peak flood resulting in reduced inundation.  Despite being underestimated in high-altitude areas, MERRA-2 precipitation data  overall improved model performance by incorporating more observation points where  no observations were available and revealed a correlation with observed precipitation  thereby making it suitable for data-scarce flat regions. The results from this study can  be used for informed decisions. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Hydrogeological modeling</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Pakistan</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Kabul River Basin</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Floods</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Pakistan</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Kabul River Basin</subfield>
    <subfield code="x">Remote sensing</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Shanmugam, Mohana Sundaram,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Chairperson</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Shrestha, Sangam,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Examination Committee</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Natthachat Tangdamrongsub,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Examination Committee</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Virdis, Salvatore G.P.,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Examination Committee</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Asian Development Bank-Japan Scholarship Program (ADB-JSP),</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Scholarship Donor</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="810" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Asian Insitute of Technology.</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">Thesis; </subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no.WM-24-20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
    <subfield code="3">Full-Text</subfield>
    <subfield code="u">http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B22102</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="907" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">.b12455131</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">mnarc</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">a</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="902" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">250509</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="998" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="b">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">250508</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">m</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">h  </subfield>
    <subfield code="f">a</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnarc</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">67</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2025-01-05</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13546041</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">808</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">808</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnarc</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT Thesis no.WM-24-20</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-17 16:13:17</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">1</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">67</subfield>
  </datafield>
</record>
