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    <subfield code="a">Mensah, Huno Solomon Kofi</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Nitrate removal from groundwater by adsorption onto coconut husk granular activated carbon</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2018</subfield>
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    <subfield code="v">no. ET-SUD-18-01</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A  thesis  submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the  degree of Master of Science in Environmental  Engineering and Management with  specialization in Environmental Technology for Sustainable Development  jointly offered by the  Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand and  UNESCO - IHE, The Netherlands</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology - UNESCO-IHE, 2018</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Nitrate  contamination  of groundwater  is  a  global problem and  a  threat  to  human  health. Research  to  improve adsorptive  removal of  nitrate from  groundwater  is  important  for promoting  low  cost  and  effective  groundwater  nitrate  treatment. Highly  porous granular activated  carbon  was  produced  from  coconut  husk  by  chemical  activation  with  K2CO3 at impregnation  ratio  of  1:1  (weight  ratio) and carbonization temperature of 800  C&#x30A;. Fourier transform  infra-red  spectra  (FTIR),  thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA),  scanning electron microscopy and BET surface area analyses were used to characterize the coconut husk granular  activated  carbon. Nitrate  removal  from  groundwater  by  adsorption  onto K2CO3 activated  carbon  was  investigated using series  of adsorption batch  experiments. Nitrate adsorption onto  the  coconut  husk  granular  activated  carbon was  evaluated  as  a function of the initial nitrate concentration of groundwater (10 to 150 mg/L), adsorbent dose(0.1  g/50  mL) and  contact  time (0.5  to 15 h) at  neutral  pH  and  ambient  temperature.  The kinetics  of  adsorption  was  studied  using  pseudo-first  order,  pseudo-second  order  kinetic models and the intra-particle diffusion equation. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted to the batch experiment data. Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design of experiment was used to optimize and evaluate the effect of each process parameter and their interaction effects on nitrate removal from groundwater. Activated carbon yield of 35.1%  and  a very  porous  surface  texture was  observed. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and micropore volume of the coconut husk granular activated carbon observed was 1120  m2/g.  Results  from  the  kinetic  study  suggest  pseudo-second  order  model was followed and intra-particle diffusion was rate limiting for higher initial nitrate concentrations (&gt; 10 mg/L). The  data  were  best  represented  by  the  Langmuir  mono-layer adsorption isotherm  with maximum adsorption  capacity  of 6.01 &#xB1;1.3 mg/g for  initial  nitrate concentration of 150 mg/L,0.1 g/ 50 mL adsorbent and equilibrium time of 6 h. A predictive quadratic  model  was  generated  for  the  nitrate  removal  efficiency. Nitrate  removal  from groundwater was found to be influenced significantly by adsorbent dose (46.5%) and initial nitrate concentration (20.5%.) About 92% nitrate removal from groundwater was achieved at optimal conditions of 150 mg/L initial nitrate concentration, with 0.5 g/100 mL adsorbent dose and contact time of 6.25 h. The results of the study suggest that, activated carbon with high  quality  adsorptive  properties  for  groundwater  nitrate  treatment can  be  made  from coconut husk.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Annachhatre, Ajit P.,</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Rene, Eldon R.,</subfield>
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