<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<record
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd"
    xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">

  <leader>04559nas a2200481 a 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="005">20260818170600.0</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">240223s2022    th u  m  tt   000 a eng d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">.b12420475</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="099" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">AIT RSPR no.CS-22-02  </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Tshering, Younten </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="3">
    <subfield code="a">An ontology-based approach to support semantic interoperability in Bhutan{u2019}s E-Government</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2022</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">139 leaves :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">ill.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Research studies project report  ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no.CS-22-02</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">A research study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science, School of Engineering and Technology</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="502" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Research Studies Project Report (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2022</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Interoperability in e-government is important to improve the public service by making  the different systems for exchanging, integrating, and using the information in a  meaningful manner. The purpose of developing the e-government system is to serve the  government and citizens. However, e-government systems along with heterogeneous  databases have created difficulties in integration or interoperability. These  heterogeneous databases in the e-government do lead to the redundancy of data, data  inconsistency, and the difficulty to integrate data and processing data within and outside  the departments. The representation of the heterogeneous system with common  standards is considered a valuable resolution for interoperability. In this research, the  Technology Framework for Bhutan{u2019}s E-government is proposed to support semantic  interoperability using an ontology-based approach. To evaluate the proposed  Technology Framework for Bhutan{u2019}s E-government Interoperability, a case of  developing Domain Ontology for Bhutan{u2019}s Administrative Division (AD) is discussed.  To overcome the challenges of Bhutan{u2019}s AD, the conceptual prototype was followed  for developing and maintaining the domain ontology called 2Bhutan{u2019}s Administrative  Division (BTNAD) Ontology3 with unified knowledge of the concept. Further, digitalizing the requirements to integrate the data in ontology schema was applied.  Then, the domain ontology was implemented and validated using the Prot&#xE9;g&#xE9; and  verified the answers to competency questions applying the SPARQL query. The  BTNAD Ontology includes the idea of a Single Source of Truth, reusing the data, and  enhancement of collaboration and interoperability within and across the agencies.  Moreover, the use of ontology and design of linking the administrative division of the  country at the conceptual level aims to introduce an open data concept in the country  for data sharing and access. Finally, the research discusses some recommendations from  the proposed framework and interoperability challenges. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Internet in public administration</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Bhutan</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Political participation</subfield>
    <subfield code="x">Technological innovations</subfield>
    <subfield code="x">Bhutan</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Electronic government information</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Bhutan</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Ontology</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Chutiporn Anutariya,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Chairperson</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Vatcharaporn Esichaikul,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Examination Committee</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Examination Committee</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Asian Development Bank - Japan Scholarship  Program (ADB-JSP),</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Scholarship donor</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="810" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Asian Institute of Technology.</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">Research studies project report ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no.CS-22-02</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
    <subfield code="3">Full-Text</subfield>
    <subfield code="u">http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/Viewer/viewer.php?id=B20378</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="907" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">.b12420475</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">mnait</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">a</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="902" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">250428</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="998" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="b">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">240305</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">m</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">a  </subfield>
    <subfield code="f">a</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">3</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnarc</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnarc</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnait</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnait</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">67</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">40</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2024-02-23</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13486494</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : 30050120900328</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2025-03-03</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13535328</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : 30050120425631</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2025-03-04</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13542333</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : 30050120425623</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2025-03-04</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13542345</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">83217</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">83217</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnarc</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT RSPR no.CS-22-02</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-18 17:06:00</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">67</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnarc</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT RSPR no.CS-22-02</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">30050120900328</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-18 17:06:00</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">1</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">40</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnait</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">50.00</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT RSPR no.CS-22-02</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">30050120425631</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-18 17:06:00</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">1</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnait</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">50.00</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT RSPR no.CS-22-02</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">30050120425623</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-18 17:06:00</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">2</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-18</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">20</subfield>
  </datafield>
</record>
