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    <subfield code="a">AIT Thesis no.WM-10-10</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Khin Seint Wint</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Assessing the potential environmental impacts of hydropower projects in Myanmar:</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">comparison with lignite thermal project and opportunity for clean development mechanism</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2011  </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">192  leaves :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">ill.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no. WM-10-10</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in  Water Engineering and Management</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2011</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Hydropower  as  a  source  of  renewable  energy  has  drawn  tremendous  interest  and investments in recent times in  South  East  Asia,  as the  region is  ill-endowed  with fossil energy resources. Along with Southern China, Laos and Thailand, Myanmar has engaged into  the  development  of  reservoir  projects,  while  more  traditional  energy  generation techniques  still  apply  (mostly  coal-based).  However,  hydropower  projects  are  raising concerns about their social and environmental impacts, the latter being largely unknown. Required Environmental Impact Assessments are not always carried out properly, and, in any case, fail to reveal possible regional or global impacts, nor transfers of impacts. The present study investigates the potential environmental impacts of two hydropower projects in Myanmar, as compared to one lignite thermal project, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)  approach.  Further,  it  investigates  the  possibilities  of  implementing  Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) scheme options for seeking financial support. The main case study is the so-called Upper Keng Tawng reservoir project, where initial environmental examination is finished, and yet EIA was not completed effectively. It was therefore proposed to undertake environmental impact analysis through LCA, as part of the research. The action does not mean a replacement of EIA, but it intends to provide a more complete picture of impact assessment including regional and global perspectives. LCAs of downstream run-of-river project and neighboring lignite thermal project (Tigyit) have also been  carried  out,  to  compare  with  that  of  the  reservoir  project.  Static  and  attributional LCA,  based  on  functional  unit  of  1  kWh,  was  performed.  The  approach  considered materials, energy, land use, emission to air, water, and disposal/waste management during construction, and 50-year operation of the studied projects. Transmission and distribution of electricity are excluded from analysis. The SimaPro software (version 7.3) was used, using both EI-99 (H, A) and CML baseline methods for impact assessment. Adjustments from existing database proved necessary since the quality of lignite at Tigyit mine is higher than that of European lignite (667 g/kWh in Tigyit, 1,544 g/kWh in Slovakia, 1,979 g/kWh in Greece and 771 g/kWh in France).  Considering 1 kWh of electricity generation at Tigyit coal thermal plant, total estimated impact is 154 mPt whereas impacts of European lignite thermal plants are situated in the range of (+ 15 %) to (- 68 %) of it. Compared with European LCIAs, LCIA of Tigyit coal thermal  plant  has  been  more  thoroughly  documented. It  is  found  that  71  %  of  overall impact  occurs  due  to  particulate  matters,  sulphur  dioxide  and  sulphur  trioxide  emission which causes troubles to human respiratory system. When many processes which are not considered  in  European  LCIAs  are  discarded  from  the  study,  1  kWh  of  electricity generation at Tigyit coal thermal plant contributes 86.7 mPt whereas impacts of European lignite thermal plants are situated in the range of (+104 % ) to (- 42 %) of it. The  study  displays  that  electricity  generation  of  Upper  Keng  Tawng  reservoir  project causes 3.15 mPt per kWh and that of Keng Tawng run-of-river project makes 0.911 mPt per kWh. Potential impacts of Upper Keng Tawng reservoir project is 75 % higher than that of Keng Tawng run-of-river project. Compared with run-of-river projects in EU and Switzerland, Keng Tawng (Myanmar) contributes 11 % more impacts. Upper Keng Tawng reservoir project (Myanmar) makes 26 % more impacts than Brazilian reservoir projects. When  impact  contributions  of  Tigyit  coal  thermal  project  and  Keng  Tawng  and  Upper Keng Tawng hydropower projects are compared, reservoir project and run-of-river project  </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Cumulative effects assessment (Environmental assessment)</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Myanmar</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Environmental impact analysis</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Water-power</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Myanmar</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Perret, Sylvain Roger,</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Babel, Mukand Singh,</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Shrestha, Sangam,</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Bohez, Erik L.J.,</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Asian Institute of Technology.</subfield>
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