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    <subfield code="a">Sharma, Rajesh</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Assessment of road network development and its influence on cereal and cash crop production in Okhaldhunga District of Nepal</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted inpartial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Regional and Rural Development Planning</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2016</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Key objectives of the research were to assess road network development in terms of road connectivity  and  accessibility  and  to  assess  its  effect  on  primary  sector  especially  on selected crop production. Both connectivity and accessibility were measured based on time series data to evaluateif there is any change due to changes in road length and density. Connectivity is the degree of connection between all pairs of functional centers.Accessibility on the other hand is an indicator which measures an ease of access among opportunities distributed over space. Further,  the  study  was  conducted  to  measure  effects  on  primary  sector  using  selected variables on crop production in sample areas of the study district.Graph  theory  was  used  to  measure  connectivity  using  three  different  connectivity indicators. Spatial analysis was used to evaluate the accessibility situation in district level using  isochrones  buffers.  Variables  based  on  walking  distance  from  settlements  to  the nearest road head were operationalized. To measure the effect of transport development, two areas were selected based on accessibility analysis as accessible area and remote area. Transport development effect on accessible area (experimental group) was measured with respect  to  remote area  as a control  group. A questionnaire survey was used to  collect relevant data related to crop production with a total of 108 sample household respondents. The study found that, in general the road length and density are positively associated with connectivity. But in particular case it is not always true. Connectivity does not only depend on road length and density, but also depend on location of roads and its nature of the connection;  for  example,  whether  the  road  is  enhancing  existing  graph  by  creating alternative routes or creating a new graph; and whether the road is connecting existing nodes or creating additional dead-ends. On the other hand, it was found that the road length and density are positively associated with accessibility. Development of such network has positive effect on agriculture. With the help of selected crop production scenario, measured agriculture development found to be relatively better in the accessible area than in the remote  area.  Though  it  is  clear  that  only  road  infrastructure  is  not  the  determinant  of agricultural development and is largely varies based on the cost of production, irrigation facilities, applied technology, agriculture credit, market mechanisms, farm size and above all it is highly depends on agriculture policy under consideration. Yet this study showedthat if not sufficient condition, the road infrastructure is at least a necessary condition and it{u2019}s a precondition for agriculture development.The first recommendation is  to revise existing District Transport Master Plan (DTMP)processes and incorporate connectivity parameters as one of the prioritization factors. The second  recommendation  is  to  review  the  measure  of  accessibility  criteria  set  by Government of Nepal (GoN) to bring the majority of the population to the proximity of road network. The third recommendation is to give special importance to those areas which have been found as less connected and as less accessible areas, to improve road networks. The fourth recommendation is to upgrade existing earthen roads to paved roads, ensuring year around vehicle operation. The last recommendation is to improve quality and quantity of transport services.</subfield>
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