<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<record
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd"
    xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">

  <leader>04431nas a2200457 a 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="005">20260817163637.0</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">191008s2018    th au         000 a eng d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">.b12309345</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="099" ind1=" " ind2="9">
    <subfield code="a">AIT Thesis no.UE-18-10</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Hayat, Mohammad Rafi</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Assessment of sanitation services and management for improving living conditions in Kandahar City, Afghanistan</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Asian Institute of Technology,</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2018</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">126 p. :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">ill.  +</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">1 online resource</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Thesis ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no. UE-18-10</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Urban Environmental Management</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="502" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2018</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Access to safe sanitation is the most important need after air and water of human beings and  several studies worldwide have proved the important role of sanitation in the living  conditions of societies, but as in other cities of the country, access to improved and safe  sanitation in Kandahar City is poor, therefore, the study aimed at assessing the current  condition of existing sanitation facilities and their management, analyzing the issue and  causes associated with the management and identifying effects of inadequate sanitation to  develop management strategies for improving the quality of sanitation that will support  better living conditions in Kandahar City. The study is a mixed method approach composed  of both descriptive and exploratory information obtained from primary and secondary data  which is collected through questionnaire survey and interviews with households and  stakeholders in the study area. Later the data was analyzed for presenting the results in  graphic and tabular forms and utilizing those results for strategies development.  The results show that majority of households in Kandahar City face problems with sanitation  facilities and its management. The key problems identified are linked with both facilities and  their management for which the causes are also related with both physical and non-physical  features such as socioeconomic factors, lack of infrastructure, institutional ability, budget  and awareness affecting health and economy of the households and the environment. Thus,  the study proposed strategies covering different aspects; administrative, technical, economic  and financial and institutional of sanitary management that would help in improving of  sanitation services, and it is likely to apply the proposed strategies in other developing  countries as well considering their local situation. Finally, the study recommended for future  studies to investigate the possibilities of upgrading unimproved facilities and study more  specific about each component of the sanitation services delivery chain. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Sanitation</subfield>
    <subfield code="x">Health aspects</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Afghanistan</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Kandahar</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Urbanization</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Afghanistan</subfield>
    <subfield code="z">Kandahar</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Vilas Nitivattananon,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Chairperson </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Kim, Sohee Minsun,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Examination Committee</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Faysse, Nicolas,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Examination Committee</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), Afghanistan,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Scholarship Donor</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Asian Institute of Technology Fellowship,</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">Scholarship Donor</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="810" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Asian Institute of Technology.</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">Thesis ;</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">no. UE-18-10</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="3">Full-Text</subfield>
    <subfield code="u">http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B18500</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="907" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">.b12309345</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">mnait</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">m</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="902" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">240618</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="998" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="b">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">191008</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">m</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">a  </subfield>
    <subfield code="f">m</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnait</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnait</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnarc</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="945" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="l">mnarc</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">40</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : 30050120895338</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2019-05-16</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13185950</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : 30050120953970</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2019-08-10</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13221206</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 2</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : 30050120953947</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2019-08-10</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i1322122x</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : -</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 3</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 0</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="909" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Barcode : 30050211031041</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">CREATED : 2021-11-22</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">RECORD # : i13355284</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">LPATRON : 1031592</subfield>
    <subfield code="e">LCHKIN : 2023-11-04</subfield>
    <subfield code="f"># RENEWALS : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="g"># OVERDUE : 0</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">IUSE3 : 2</subfield>
    <subfield code="i">TOT CHKOUT : 1</subfield>
    <subfield code="j">TOT RENEW : 2</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">9332</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">9332</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnarc</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT Thesis no.UE-18-10</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">30050120895338</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-17 16:36:37</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">40</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnait</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">50.00</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT Thesis no.UE-18-10</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">30050120953970</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-17 16:36:37</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">1</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnait</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">50.00</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT Thesis no.UE-18-10</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">30050120953947</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-17 16:36:37</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">2</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">20</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">mnarc</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">50.00</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">AIT Thesis no.UE-18-10</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">30050211031041</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2026-08-17 16:36:37</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">3</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2026-08-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">20</subfield>
  </datafield>
</record>
