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    <subfield code="a">Akram, Sohail</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Regional variation in the socioeconomic development of Pakistan :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">an inter-district multivariate analysis</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Pathum Thani, Thailand :</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Research studies project report ; no. RD-10-02</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">A research study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in  Regional and  Rural Development Planning</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Concern  has  been  growing  recently  over  wide  regional disparities  in  levels  of  economic  development in  the developing and  underdeveloped countries. Core areas have experienced  rapid  development,  while  other  areas  have  lagged  behind  in  the  process  of  development  and have  been little affected by  economic and social changes . Pakistan is administratively  divided   into   four   regions   (provinces),   Punjab,   Sind,   NWFP   (North   West   Frontier  Province),  and  Baluchistan.  These  regions  are  highly  heterogeneous  in  terms  of  size,  population,  level  of  economic  development,  income  and  poverty.  Like  most  developing  countries,  Pakistan  also  faces  the  challenge  of  regional  disparities  in  social  and  economic  development . The degree of spatial variation in level of development within a country has  implications in terms of development planning and pol icy formation . Therefore a periodic  documentation  of  the  levels  and  trends  of  inter regional  and  intra  regional  variation  in  socioeconomic development is a pre-requisite for effective intervention to achieve spatially  equitable and sustainable development i n  Pakistan . It  is  now  widely  recognized  that  the  development  is  a  multidimensional  phenomenon.  Assessment  of  spatial  variation  in  development  requires  many  data  related  to  different  aspects  that  influence  the  development  process.  The  multitude  of  development  indicators  and  of  territorial  units  makes  it  difficult  to  capture  the  broad  picture  of  the  comparative  development  status  of  different  regions.  One  of  the  major  challenges  for  researchers  and  policy  makers  is  to  reduce  the  complexity  to  a  manageable  set  of  indicators  that  can  be  used to interpret reality . The methods of  multivariate  statistics have been very efficient in  reduction of complexity of a large data set.  Using  multivariate statistical methods of factor and  cluster  analysis , this  study identifies the  spatial - temporal  patterns of  socioeconomic  development in   Pakistan . Major   factors   contributing   to   the   regional   variation   in  development  are  also  identified  using  twenty  development  indicators  related  to  literacy,  education, health, income, employment and quality of life  measure at two different  points in time (1998 and 2008) .The results lead to the conclusion  that  there exists a wide inter - district as well as inter and  intra - provincial  regional  variation  in  level  of  socioeconomic  development  and  that  this  regional  imbalance  has  not  reduced  over  time.  It  was  also  found  that  major  part  of  this  regional  variation  is  characterized  by  rural - urban  disparities  and  the  level of  development  is   largely determined   by   the   process   of   urbanization . Majority   of   the   districts   of  Baluchistan  and  NWFP  has  been  identified  as  less  or  underdeveloped.  Within  Punjab,  southern  part  lags  far  behind  from  its  northern  and central  part  in  terms  of  social  and  economic  conditions.  Within  Sind  rural - urban  disparities  are  more  visible  than  in  case  of  Punjab. Major factors  which  were  found  responsible  for  the  inter - regional  variation  in  socioeconomic  development  in  Pakistan are  mostly  related  to  the  social  sector  and  are  more  or  less  same  for  both  the  time  periods  (1998  and  2008).  The  analysis  demonstrates  the  importance  of  literacy,  education  and  basic  health  infrastructure  in  determining  the  inter - district variation in terms of overall development in Pakistan. These results would be  helpful  in  determining  the  priorities  for  regional  and  sectoral  development  policy  and  resource allocation.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Research studies project report (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2010</subfield>
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