000			05078nam a2200397 4500
005			20260819085659.0
008			980210 1997 th r m eng
035			_a.b11693605
099		9	_aAIT Thesis no.HS-97-19
100	1		_aRajbhandari, Rama
245	1	0	_aUrban environmental management at Kathmandu : _ba study to explore applications of regulatory and economic instruments in solid waste management
260			_aBangkok : _bAsian Institute of Technology, _c1997
300			_a188 leaves
490	1		_aThesis ; _vno. HS-97-19
500			_aA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. School of Environment, Resources and Development
502			_aThesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1997
520			_aThe rapid urbanizing process, fueled by rural to urban migration and population growth, has given rise to a host of urban environmental problems. These include problems related to limited availability and access to basic environmental infrastructure and services, pollution from urban wastes and emissions, and loss or destruction of natural and cultural resources. The quality of the environment is thus a matter of growing concern. In this context, solid waste management has become a priority. This study reviews urban environmental management in Kathmandu and explores application of economic and regulatory instruments in solid waste management. The research for this study includes a survey conducted at two different places: the core and fringe areas of the studied city. Area observations, household and officials questionnaire survey, checklists and informal discussions with all related actors in domestic solid waste management have been the methods of collecting required information and data. The study reveals that solid waste management services are available only to a fraction of the urban areas of Kathmandu. This is largely confined to high income and easily accessible residential areas. Most of the urban fringe areas are not serviced. There are no arrangements for the proper collection, treatment and final disposal of solid and hazardous wastes with environmentally accepted standards. People's traditional habits, their behaviour and irresponsible waste workers have made waste management more complex. The Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Center (SWMRMC) and the Kathmandu Municipality have not been able to deal with the solid waste problems due to poor organizational structure, shortage of trained manpower, equipment and financial resources; lack of people's awareness and participation. Noncoordination between these two agencies and duplication of their functions and duties have caused more confusion to fulfill their responsibilities. Yet there have not been any specific effort on the part of the SWMRMC or the Municipality to manage domestic, industrial and hospital wastes. This study shows that application of regulatory and economic instruments is very limited for SWM in the city. Although The Solid Waste Act (1987) and Municipality Act (1992) deal with charges and penalties concerning SWM, they are not clearly defined and enforced yet. Those acts do not contain reference to standards, solid waste plans, subsidies and incentives - the common tools used in developed countries. The study recommends guidelines for the application of regulatory and economic instruments in domestic SWM to provide incentives to manage waste, to raise revenue and to ensure environmental restoration. It also recommends institutional and administrative measures, such as: policy and programs for improving organizational structure, to increase people's participation and supervision, and to improve overall SWM system in the city. It also identifies the requirements for industrial and hospital hazardous waste management. A combination of regulatory and economic instruments are to be applied for these two areas of wastes.
650		0	_aRefuse and refuse disposal _zNepal _zKathmandu
650		0	_aUrban ecology _zNepal _zKathmandu
700	1		_aAmin, A.T.M. Nurul, _eChairperson
700	1		_aLefebvre, B. G., _eExamination committee
700	1		_aMorishita, H., _eExamination committee
710	2		_aNorwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), _eScholarship donor
810	2		_aAsian Institute of Technology. _tThesis ; _vno. HS-97-19
856			_3Full-Text _u http://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B13866
907			_a.b11693605 _bmnait _cy
902			_a240403
998			_b0 _c980210 _dm _ea _fy _g0
945			_lmnait
945			_lmnarc
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