000 05725nas a2200457 a 4500
005 20260818090446.0
008 170508s2014 u m rtt 000 a eng d
035 _a.b12183040
099 9 _aAIT Diss. no.EV-14-07
100 0 _aUmapron Sadubthummarak
245 1 0 _aDetoxification process of jatropha seed cake and potential of value-added products
260 _aPathum Thani, Thailand :
_bAsian Institute of Technology,
_c2014
300 _a152 p. :
_bill.
490 1 _aDissertation ;
_vno. EV-14-07
500 _aA dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering and Management Inter - University Program on Environmental Toxicity, Technology and Management
502 _aThesis (Ph.D.) - Asian Institute of Technology - Chulabhorn Research Institute - Mahidol University, 2014
520 _aJatropha seed cake is produced from jatropha oil industry as the jatropha waste, since jatropha seed can be extracted to a high - quality biodiesel. As expected, huge amount of jatropha waste will be distributed ; for every 4 tons of jatropha seeds, 1 ton of jatropha oil can be produced, consequently, 3 tons of jatropha seed cake or jatropha waste remained. Mismanagement of the j atropha waste from jatropha oil industries would lead to contaminate the environment affecting to the living organism by entering the food chain. However, jatropha seed cake contains high amount of protein and other nutrients, but it has a drawback due to its toxic compounds. For that reason, this study is aimed to explore the methods applied to detoxify the main toxin; phorbol esters in jatropha seed cake to a safe and acceptable level. Phorbol esters are known as the potential tumor promoter and hence e xhibited the toxicity in a broad range of species, thus phorbol esters must be detoxified and several methods were tested for reducing the toxicity of the seed cake. The results from this investigation showed that the heat treatments at either 120 °C or 220 °C for 1 hour and then mixed with adsorbing bentonite (10%), nanoparticles of zinc oxide (100 ug/g) plus NaHCO 3 at 4% followed by a 4 week incubation period yielded the best final product. The remaining phorbol esters concentration (0.05 - 0.04 mg/g) from th is treatment was less comparing to the non - toxic jatropha varieties (0.11 - 0.27 mg/g). Nutritional values of the cake after treatment remained at the same level found in the control. These included crude protein (20.47 - 21.40 + 0.17 - 0.25 %) , crude lipid (14.2 7 - 14.68 + 0.13 - 0.14 % ) and crude fiber ( 27.33 - 29.67 + 0.58 %). Cytotoxicity tests which conducted using L929 and NHDF cell line confirmed that most of the toxic compounds, especially phorbol esters were shown as almost completely eliminated. The results also suggested that the detoxification of phorbol esters residues in the jatropha seed cake was possible and it retains nutritional values unchanged. However, additional tests such as digestibility as well as the acceptability of the treated ja tropha seed cake as a material for animal food source should be conducted using both in vivo and in vitro studies before recommending to using as a substitute for soybean meal. Moreover, this study is aimed to indicate that the large volume of jatropha w aste and toxic phorbol esters will be eliminated through aerobic composting method. The result showed that the application of 4% NaHCO 3 mixture with composted jatropha seed cake resulted to decrease phorbol esters 83.33% (0.10 mg/g) and has the highest ger mination rate (94.30%) within 12 weeks. Conclusively, the aerobic composting technique mixed 4%NaHCO 3 is considered to reduce jatropha toxins or phorbol esters, and jatropha fertilizer can be potentially useful for application in agriculture. Therefore, th e best methods to detoxifying phorbol esters are necessary to minimize the risk of using jatropha seed cake as value added products and reduce the possible human health and environmental impacts which generated from jatropha waste.
650 0 _aJatropha
650 0 _aJatropha curcas oil
700 0 _aThammarat Koottatep,
_eChairperson
700 0 _aMathuros Ruchirawat,
_eExamination Committee
700 0 _aChongrak Polprasert,
_eExamination Committee
700 0 _aAthapol Noomhorm,
_eExamination Committee
710 2 _aChulabhorn Research Institute,
_eScholarship donor
710 2 _aMahidol University,
_eScholarship donor
810 2 _aAsian Institute of Technology.
_tDissertation ;
_vno. EV-14-07
856 _3Full-Text
_uhttp://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B00581
907 _a.b12183040
_bmnait
_cz
902 _a240411
998 _b0
_c170508
_dm
_ea
_fz
_g0
962 _a000:001:PDF:b1218304:003100:0:0:0:0:0:0
_tClick to view Abstract
_vn
945 _lmnait
945 _lmnait
945 _lmnarc
942 _c20
942 _c40
909 _aBarcode : 30050120321517
_bCREATED : 2017-08-05
_cRECORD # : i13075901
_dLPATRON : 0
_eLCHKIN : -
_f# RENEWALS : 0
_g# OVERDUE : 0
_hIUSE3 : 0
_iTOT CHKOUT : 0
_jTOT RENEW : 0
909 _aBarcode : 30050120321715
_bCREATED : 2017-09-05
_cRECORD # : i13075913
_dLPATRON : 0
_eLCHKIN : -
_f# RENEWALS : 0
_g# OVERDUE : 0
_hIUSE3 : 1
_iTOT CHKOUT : 0
_jTOT RENEW : 0
909 _aBarcode : 30050120398192
_bCREATED : 2018-07-17
_cRECORD # : i13134930
_dLPATRON : 0
_eLCHKIN : -
_f# RENEWALS : 0
_g# OVERDUE : 0
_hIUSE3 : 0
_iTOT CHKOUT : 0
_jTOT RENEW : 0
999 _c28150
_d28150