000			05095nas|a2200457 i 4500
005			20260818095923.0
008			030411s2002 th uu m rtt 00| a1eng d
035			_a.b11880326
099		9	_aAIT Thesis no. EV-02-14
100	1		_aFrancisco, Lidia Sanchez San
245	1	0	_aEnforcement of cleaner production practices in shrimp farming through economic and regulatory measures : _ba case study in Thailand
260			_aBangkok : _bAsian Institute of Technology, _c2002
300			_a123 leaves : _bill.
490	1		_aThesis ; _vno. EV-02-14
502			_aThesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2002
500			_aA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering. School of Environment, Resources and Development
520			_aThis research deals with sustainability of present shrimp farming practices in Thailand. Reasons for this unsustainability are presented in details. The data is obtained through primary as well as secondary sources. Shrimp farming is primarily a family-owned business in Thailand. The farmers have low educational background, with family size of about 4-6. Although the farmers have some knowledge about adverse impacts on environment such as water pollution and depletion of fisheries due to shrimp farming, they do not employ any substantial waste management practices. Over 90% of the respondents showed willingness for adopting production practices that would lead to lesser environmental pollution. Several of the present shrimp farming practices are unsustainable primarily due to nutrient discharges, poor waste and sediment management practices and land abandonment. Typical production rate is 1,000 - 3,000 kg/rai/crop. FCR ratios of around 1.4 - 2.5 are commonly encountered thus can be concluded that operation practices are running in suboptimal levels due to the high amounts of feed supplied to the shrimps. The uneaten feed, which is wasted, contributes to environmental impacts like water pollution. The survey showed that the cost of feed accounts for about 77% of the total costs. To maintain stisfactory water quality in the pond, water exchange is commonly practiced and daily water exchange of about 5 - 25% is employed. Discharge into water canals or sea is common. About 50% of respondents have preliminary wastewater treatment, while remaining discharge the wastewater into the sea or canals without treatment. The sediments after harvesting are usually settled in a holding pond and then disposed to the land without appropriate treatment. Typically, the number of shrimp crops undertaken in the given pond is about 5-8. After that the farmers leave the pond as it is and unde1iake shrimp farming at a new site. The Government of Thailand has set effluent standard for BOD as 10 ppm. However, standards for nutrient discharge such as nitrogen and phosphorus are not yet in place. In Thailand, the legal framework with penalties for non-compliance regarding license, registration, zoning for shrimp farming, etc. does exist. The "Environment Act" in general deals with preservation aspects of environment and serves as a guideline to minimize the environmental impact of shrimp farming. Lack of coordination among these authorities is often a major obstacle in satisfactory enforcement of the legal framework. Application of economic instruments such as environmental charges, environment funds and incentives and ecolabelling are also suggested in this research to make present shrimp farming practices sustainable.
650		0	_aShrimp fisheries _xEnvironmental aspects
650		0	_aShrimp industry _xEnvironmental aspects
700	1		_aAnnachhatre, Ajit P., _eChairperson
700	1		_aLin, C K wei, _eExamination committee
700	1		_aAmin, A.T.M. Nurul, _eExamination Committee
700	1		_aHarremoes, Poul, _eExamination committee
710	2		_aEuropean Union, _eScholarship donor
810	2		_aAsian Institute of Technology. _tThesis; _vno. EV-02-14
856			_3Full-Text _uhttp://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B07616
907			_a.b11880326 _bmnait _cu
902			_a250327
998			_b0 _c030411 _dm _ea _fu _g0
945			_lmnait
945			_lmnait
945			_lmnarc
945			_lmnarc
942			_c20
942			_c40
909			_aBarcode : 30050120710818 _bCREATED : 2001-12-11 _cRECORD # : i12322003 _dLPATRON : 1020589 _eLCHKIN : 2008-03-20 _f# RENEWALS : 0 _g# OVERDUE : 0 _hIUSE3 : 0 _iTOT CHKOUT : 9 _jTOT RENEW : 6
909			_aBarcode : 30050120710800 _bCREATED : 2001-12-11 _cRECORD # : i12322015 _dLPATRON : 1014237 _eLCHKIN : 2005-03-28 _f# RENEWALS : 0 _g# OVERDUE : 0 _hIUSE3 : 0 _iTOT CHKOUT : 3 _jTOT RENEW : 0
909			_aBarcode : 30050120710792 _bCREATED : 2006-06-22 _cRECORD # : i12546185 _dLPATRON : 0 _eLCHKIN : - _f# RENEWALS : 0 _g# OVERDUE : 0 _hIUSE3 : 0 _iTOT CHKOUT : 0 _jTOT RENEW : 0
909			_aBarcode : 30050160076757 _bCREATED : 2016-05-24 _cRECORD # : i12990048 _dLPATRON : 0 _eLCHKIN : - _f# RENEWALS : 0 _g# OVERDUE : 0 _hIUSE3 : 0 _iTOT CHKOUT : 0 _jTOT RENEW : 0
999			_c37762 _d37762