000			04223nam a2200385 4500
005			20260818113204.0
008			th eng
035			_a.b11559007
099		9	_aAIT Thesis no.EV-96-16
100	1		_aSharma, Kamala
245	1	4	_aThe exposure of pre-schoolers to lead in Metro Manila, Philippines
260			_aBangkok : _bAsian Institute of Technology, _c1996
300			_a87 leaves + _e1 online resource
490	1		_aThesis ; _vno. EV-96-16
500			_aA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
502			_aThesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1996
520			_aThe thesis reports the results of a study conducted in Makati area of Metro Manila city during the months of December through April 1996. The study evaluated the significance of playground soil lead intake to the total daily lead burden in pre-school children. Lead concentration were measured in residential playground soils, food, water and air samples by atomic absorption spectrometer and the data were used to draw conclusions. All the playgrounds soils were contaminated with lead levels ranging from minimum of 34.54 og/g to a maximum of 283.13 og/g. in comparison to the naturally occurring lead level of 15 og/g in soils. These results are similar to studies done in developing countries (Ho, 1988; Wong, 1982). Multiple logarithmic regression analysis between the logarithmic concentration of lead in soil samples and the logarithmic traffic volume and distance from the nearest main road of the sites revealed that two were positively related even through the relationship was weak. Thus indicating that motor vehicle form a major source of lead in the playground soil. Results showed that both soil and food contained elevated level of lead. The information as well as the amounts of these foods in hypothetical diets for pre-school children of Metro Manila was used to calculate the total dietary intake of lead. The average total daily intake of lead from all sources show that: food = 83%; water = 6%; soil = 4%; air = 7%. It was concluded from the study that ingestion of 25 mg/day of soil contributed 4% to of the total lead intake per day by children exposed to the study sites. Thus is a significant contribution of playground soil to the total lead burden in the pre-school children and the level of significance increases depending on the amount of "mouth to pica activity". The estimation of lead in hair gives useful indication of ingestion exposure measure to lead over the previous few months. From the total sampled population fifty percent of the children were above the ideal recommended concentration (25 og/g). The over burden of lead in the body of the children will increase the vulnerability of children to lead related disorders , specially decrease in IQ level. A preliminary cost and benefit analysis was conducted through using a "willingness to pay" questionnaire. Also through secondary data analysis showed that there is combined benefits from all categories that were monetized yields an estimate of approximately PHP 633 million/year (USD24,346, 153 .85) as benefits due to reducing lead concentration in the environment.
650	1	0	_aLead _xToxicology _xPhilippines _xManila
700	1		_aReutergardh, Lars B., _eChairperson
700	0		_aChongrak Polprasert, _eExamination Committee
700	1		_aRemigo, Amador A., _eExamination committee
700	1		_aHeredia , J.B., _eExamination committee
810	2		_aAsian Institute of Technology _tThesis ; _vno. EV-96-16
856			_3Full-Text _uhttp://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B14782
907			_a.b11559007 _bmnait _cv
902			_a240329
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