000 06964nas a2200529 a 4500
005 20260818134302.0
008 190403s2015 u m rtt 000 a eng d
035 _a.b12304207
099 9 _aAIT Diss. no.EV-15-04
100 0 _aSoraya Aroonvilairat
245 1 0 _aImmunotoxicity of pesticides in orchid farmers and in experimental animals
260 _aPathum Thani, Thailand :
_bAsian Institute of Technology,
_c2015
300 _a69 p. :
_bill.
490 1 _aDissertation ;
_vno. EV-15-04
500 _aA dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering and Management Inter-University Program on Environmenta l Toxicology, Technology and Management
502 _aThesis (Ph.D.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2014
520 _aVarious studies have found that most Thai or chid farmers use pestic ides excessively and without proper protective gear and were likel y to have suffered from pesticide exposure. However, no toxicological study has yet been made. The aims of this study were to investigate whether the orchid farmers exhibi ted any biological altera tions, and if so, to carry out studies on th e immunotoxicity of these pesticid es in laboratory animals. The cross-sectional study was aimed to evalua te the immunological, hematological and biochemical statuses of pesticide exposed orch id farmers. Sixty-four orchid farmers and 60 matched controls participated in the st udy were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and blood samples were coll ected. Plasma cholinesterase activity, the percentage and absolute number of B-lymphocytes (CD19 + ) were significantly lower in the farmer group (3,966.32 ± 1,165.48 U/l, 11.61 ± 4.09% and 312.26 ± 164.83 cells/mm 3 , respectively) as compared to those of controls (5,048.85 ± 1,139.40 U/l, 14.32 ± 4.23%, 420.34 ± 195.18 cell/mm 3 , respectively). There was a significantly higher level of serum IgE among orchid farmers (0.031 ± 0.011 mg/dl vs. 0.018 ± 0.007 mg/dl) but not IgG, IgA, IgM levels. Serum lysozyme level, lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens, hematological parameters and kidn ey function test, were not significantly different between the two groups. The liver fu nction profiles showed significantly lower levels of albumin and serum pr otein in the farmer group. The immunotoxicity of the 3 pesticide mixt ure most often used in the orchid farms (cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and captan) was also investigated in the experimental animal. Adult male Wistar rats topically trea ted with 1/100, 1/50, 1/25 of dermal LD 50 of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos and 5 mg/ kg BW captan or vehicle control for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples and selected organs were collected and evaluated for hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters. The terminal body weight of the middle-dose and high-dose pesticide trea tment groups was significantly lower than that of controls. The relative weights of liv ers and kidneys were higher in the high-dose treated group than those in ve hicle controls. Liver function parameters including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phospha tase (ALP), albumi n, total protein and cholesterol in the treatment groups differed fr om those of controls, which may indicate hepatotoxicity. The cholinesterase levels in red blood cells and in plasma were significantly decreased as compared to th ose of the vehicle co ntrol group in a dose- response manner. The splenocyte subpopulations , including % total T cell, % total B cell and % NK cell, of the treatment rats were not different from t hose of controls. The proliferative response to LPS (the measurement of B cell f unction) in the high-dose group was significantly decreased as compared to th at of controls while the response to Con A (the measurement of T cell function) in the treatment groups did not differ from controls. As for serum immunoglobulins, only IgG but not Ig M and IgA levels in the high-dose groups were significantly increased as compared to the control group. It is highly significant that th e highest dose employed in this study was far below that was expected to have any harmful effect in an imals when used individually. This observation indicates that, when used as mixture, these pesticides exhibited synergistic effect.The findings, both in orchid farmers and in experimental animal, have clearly shown that frequent exposure to the pestic ide mixture resulted in subtle changes in some important biological parameters both in farmers and in rats. These changes, although they may not be clinically significant in human, strongly indicated that ca ution in handling pesticides by these farmers is warranted
650 0 _aMethylmercury
_xEnvironmental aspects
650 0 _aPesticides
650 0 _aImmunotoxicology
650 0 _aChemicals
_xToxicology
700 0 _aKavi Ratanabanangkoon,
_eChairperson
700 0 _aThammarat Koottatep,
_eCo-Chairperson
700 0 _aPanida Navasumrit,
_eExamination committee
700 0 _aVilas Nitivattananon,
_eExamination committee
710 2 _aChulabhorn Research Institute,
_eScholarship donor
710 2 _aMahidol University,
_eScholarship donor
710 2 _aAsian Institute of Technology Fellowship,
_eScholarship donor
810 2 _aAsian Institute of Technology.
_tDissertation ;
_vno. EV-15-04
856 _3Full-Text
_uhttp://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B00582
907 _a.b12304207
_bmnait
_ct
902 _a240423
998 _b0
_c190403
_dm
_ea
_ft
_g0
962 _a000:001:PDF:b1230420:004016:0:0:0:0:0:0
_tClick to view Abstract
_vn
945 _lmnait
945 _lmnait
945 _lmnarc
945 _lmnarc
942 _c20
942 _c40
942 _c61
909 _aBarcode : 30050120546337
_bCREATED : 2019-03-04
_cRECORD # : i13170971
_dLPATRON : 0
_eLCHKIN : -
_f# RENEWALS : 0
_g# OVERDUE : 0
_hIUSE3 : 0
_iTOT CHKOUT : 0
_jTOT RENEW : 0
909 _aBarcode : 30050120546303
_bCREATED : 2019-03-04
_cRECORD # : i13170983
_dLPATRON : 0
_eLCHKIN : -
_f# RENEWALS : 0
_g# OVERDUE : 0
_hIUSE3 : 0
_iTOT CHKOUT : 0
_jTOT RENEW : 0
909 _aBarcode : 30050120880132
_bCREATED : 2019-04-26
_cRECORD # : i13179780
_dLPATRON : 0
_eLCHKIN : -
_f# RENEWALS : 0
_g# OVERDUE : 0
_hIUSE3 : 0
_iTOT CHKOUT : 0
_jTOT RENEW : 0
909 _aBarcode : -
_bCREATED : 2019-04-26
_cRECORD # : i13179792
_dLPATRON : 0
_eLCHKIN : -
_f# RENEWALS : 0
_g# OVERDUE : 0
_hIUSE3 : 0
_iTOT CHKOUT : 0
_jTOT RENEW : 0
999 _c57848
_d57848