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035			_a.b11826058
099		9	_aAIT Diss. no. AS-00-02
100	0		_aAgus Suyanto
245	1	0	_aPotential use of entomopathogenic nematodes for controlling lepidopterous crucifer pest complex in Indonesia
260			_aBangkok : _bAsian Institute of Technology, _c2000
300			_a126 leaves
490	1		_aDissertation ; _vno. AS-00-02
500			_aA dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Technical Science, School of Environment, Resources and Development
502			_aThesis (Ph.D.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2000
520			_aThe lepidopterous pests are the major constraint in crucifer production in Indonesia. Due to the ineffectiveness of certain control measures, entomopathogenic nematodes may be an alternative to control the pest problem. However, the use of these natural enemies in crucifer crop production in Indonesia is insufficient due to lack of the basic and essential knowledge about them. Therefore, a research, which focused on determining the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes, was conducted in the center of crucifer production in Banjarnegara district, Central Java province, Indonesia. The study was conducted from May 1998 to February 1999. The overall objective of the study was to explore various entomopathogenic nematodes found in the crucifer crop ecosystem and to investigate the feasibility of utilizing the promising nematodes in pest management programs for the lepidopterous crucifer pest complex. More specifically, this study was conducted to search for and identify the nematodes. The possibility to culture and efficacy of the nematodes in the pest management program for lepidopterous crucifer pest complex were also evaluated. A preliminary survey showed that farmers in the survey site commonly cultivated the cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). There were three major pests, namely, cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptere: Pyralidae); cluster caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). For controlling the pests, most of the farmers always used insecticides based on the schedule. An entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) has been found in the soil throughout the crucifer are and other agroecosystem around the area. The nematodes could be recovered by using a laboratory and bioassays in the laboratory. The existence of this biological control agent in the andosol soil was less than the regosol soil. It appears from the results that monoxenic culture, which contains 60% beef kidney, 20% beef fat, and 20% tap water, was suitable for Heterorhabditis sp. The highest average yield was more than 20 million nematodes per liter of suspension that could be harvested in the third week. The nematodes was more toxic to the cabbagehead caterpillar (C. pavonana) and the cluster caterpillar (S. litura) than to the diamondback moth (P. xylostella). Effective concentration on the cabbagehead caterpillar (C. pavonana) and the cluster caterpillar (S. litura) was 300 nematodes/ml of water. However, a satisfactory level of control on the diamondback moth (P. xylostella) could not be determined yet, and thus needs further investigation. The results also showed that Heterorhabditis sp. could substitute several synthetic insecticides. When compared with the insecticides, the effectiveness of Heterorhabditis sp. against the lepidopterous pests was comparable with a synthetic pyrethroid (cyhalotrin), some carbamate insecticides (BPMC and carbosulfan) and some organophosphorous (profenofos and methidathion). Moreover, Heterorhabditis sp. was more effective than the microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiesis Berliner.
650		0	_aCruciferae _xDiseases and pests _zIndonesia
650		0	_aPests _xBiological control _zIndonesia
700	1		_aShivakoti, Ganesh P., _eChairperson
700	0		_aBanpot Napompeth, _eCo-Chairperson
700	1		_aSalokhe, Vilas M., _eExamination Committee
700	0		_aApisit Eiumnoh, _eExamination Committee
710	2		_aHigher Education Project, _eScholarship Donor
710	2		_aADB Loan No. 1253, _eScholarship Donor
710	2		_aINO, _eScholarship Donor
810	2		_aAsian Institute of Technology. _tDissertation ; _vno. AS-00-02
856			_3Full-Text _uhttp://203.159.5.9/ait-thesis/detail.php?q=B00011
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