A research submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Energy

Research report (M. Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2015

The demand for energy in passenger transport sector in Kandahar has increased during the last few years due to change in population growth and GDP. As a result, traffic congestion, road accidents, parking problems and air quality are worsening. In addition to those, lack of proper transport management system, public transport infrastructure and insufficient road capacity are adding growing energy demand and environmental problems of Kandahar transport sector. This study has focused on energy demand and emission of CO2 from passenger transport sector of Kandahar from 2011 to 2014. Three alternative scenarios have been developed and analyzed to examine the energy and environmental implications of transport sector up to 2030 using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System (LEAP) model. Possible barriers for alternative scenarios are identified and ranked based on local stakeholders{u2019} opinion. If there is no policy intervention, energy demand can reach from 5.5 TJ in 2014 up to 14.8 TJ in 2030. Again gasoline passenger vehicles contributes the most in energy demand and emission. CO2 emission can reach from 381 Thousand metric tons in 2014 up to 860.9 Thousand metric tons in 2030. The study considers three scenarios in addition to 2030 BAU scenario. Among three alternative scenarios, efficiency gain scenario is a good option to consider as this scenario can reduce energy demand and CO2 emission quite reasonably. However it requires aggressive measures by the government to improve the efficiency of passenger vehicles. Other scenarios are more comfortable travel scenario, public bus based travel scenario, and scenarios with improving the quality of public transport. This shows that improve high occupancy public transport scenario as bus can reduce energy and CO2 too.